Fundamental Concepts in Physics

1. Space,
2. Time,
3. spacetime,
4. reference system or Frame of Reference ()
5. Motion
6. Measurement
7. observable
8. Universal constants: Planck's constant (, the speed of light, , gravitational constant, ; hyperfine constant, ; cosmological constant, ; Boltzmann constant, .
9. Matter
10. Mass
11. Particle
12. Elementary Particles and quarks
13. Energy: Conservation Laws, Hamiltonian operator, energy eigenvalues. eigenstates, Lagrangian, Photons/Electromagnetic radiation
14. Fields: Electromagnetic, magnetic, electrical; nuclear; gravitational; gauge fields; non-Abelian gauge fiel theory
15. Gravity
16. String/strings
17. Oscillatory motion, Oscillation, Periodic and Quasi-periodic motions
18. Wave
19. Wave function, Hermitian operator, non-Hermitian operator, Super-operator, Prigogine Time operator
20. Period of oscillation
21. Frequency
22. Oscillation
23. Force
24. Reaction force
25. Interactions: strong interactions: quark-quark, quark-pair, quark-gluon, gluon-gluon interactions, etc; Electromagnetic Iiteractions; self-interaction; Electro-weak interactions;gravitational interactions and gravitons
26. Potential
27. virtual particles
28. Kinetics and dynamics, Chaotic Dynamics, Quantum Dynamics
29. system: closed, open, dynamic; classical or Newtonian, mechanical, relativistic, Thermodynamic, quantum; simple, chaotic, complex, super-complex, ultra-complex, hyper-complex
30. dynamical system
31. entropy,
32. Mechanical work
33. temperature
34. heat,
35. Enthalpy,
36. Partition Function,

Bibliography

1

Isaac Newton. 1686.Principles of Natural Philosophy. “The Principia."

2

G. Gray, ed. 1888. The complete list of “Works of Sir Isaac Newton–Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia".. London, UK. (See also: ).

3

Albert Einstein. 1956. Relativity Theory. NL

4

Dirac, Paul A.M. 1958. Principles of Quantum Mechanics. NL

5

Richard Feynman. 1965. Lecture Notes in Physics. NL

6

Richard Feynman and Steven Weinberg. 1987. “Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics: The 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures”.

7

Steven Weinberg. 1994. “The Quantum Theory of Fields” (three volumes: 1995, 1996, 2003). Nobel Laureate in Theoretical Physics in 1979. “Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity” (1972) “The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe” (1977, updated in 1993, ISBN 0-465-02437-8) “The Discovery of Subatomic Particles” (1983). “Dreams of a Final Theory: The Search for the Fundamental Laws of Nature” (1993), ISBN 0-09-922391-0 “The Quantum Theory of Fields” (three volumes: 1995, 1996, 2003) “Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries” (2001, 2003, Harvard University Press, HUP) “Glory and Terror: The Coming Nuclear Danger” (2004, NYRB) “Cosmology” (2008, [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]) “Lake Views: This World and the Universe” (2010), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674035151.

8

Weinberg, S., 1967. A Model of Leptons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264–1266 (1967), his fundamental electroweak unification paper.

9

Weinberg, S. and G. Feinberg.“Law of Conservation of Muons", Columbia University, University of California–Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency of the US Atomic Energy Commission, Atomic Energy Commission), (Feb. 1961). Pais, A., Weinberg, S., Quigg, C., Riordan, M., Panofsky, W.K.H. and V. Trimble. “100 years of elementary particles”, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, (SLAC) United States Department of Energy, “Beam Line”, vol. 27, issue 1, Spring 1997. (April 1, 1997). “A Designer Universe?”, critically discussing the possibility of the intelligent design of the universe, is based on a talk given in April 1999 at the Conference on Cosmic Design of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C. Steven Weinberg. Nobel prize autobiography.

10

Eilenberg, S., and Kelly, G.M., *Closed Categories, Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag 1966.

11

Eilenberg, S., and Mac Lane, S., *General Theory of Natural Equivalences, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 58, 231–294 (1945).

12

Kan, D. M., *Adjoint Functors, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 87, 294–329 (1958).

13

Lawvere, F. W., *Functorial Semantics of Algebraic Theories, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. U.S.A.,50, 869–872 (1963).

13

Lawvere, F. W., *The Category of Categories as a Foundation for Mathematics, Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag. 1966.

(See also the Review 7332 by J. Isbell, Dec. 1967, Math. Reviews).

14

Mac Lane, S., *Categorical Algebra, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 71, 40–106 (1965).

10

Eilenberg, S., and Kelly, G.M., *Closed Categories, Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag 1966.

Remark