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scalar component and vector projection on an Axis

(Definition)

Scalar Component and Projection on an Axis

Let ê be a unit vector defining the positive direction of an axis. The scalar component of u along the axis is

comp ˆeu = ∥u ∥ cos𝜃,                               (1)

where 𝜃 is the angle from the positive axis to u.

The corresponding vector projection is

projˆeu = (∥u ∥cos 𝜃)ˆe.                              (2)

After the dot product is introduced, these become

comp ˆeu =  u ⋅ ˆe,   projˆe u = (u ⋅ ˆe)ˆe.

PIC

Figure 10, modernized: signed scalar components of vectors on a directed axis.

Projection is linear:

comp ˆe(u + v + w ) = comp ˆeu +  comp ˆev + comp eˆw.

Modern notation references

The notation and terminology in this modernized article follow standard present-day mechanics and vector-analysis usage, particularly:

  1. J. R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, University Science Books, 2005.
  2. D. Kleppner and R. Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  3. H. Goldstein, C. Poole, and J. Safko, Classical Mechanics, 3rd ed., Addison–Wesley, 2002.

Source

This article is a modernized restatement of the corresponding Public Domain article in Louis Brand, Vectorial Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1930, Chapter I, “Vector Algebra.” The original 1930 edition is the source basis.


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See Also: vectors in space, vectors in a plane, vector subtraction and position vectors, negative of a vector, equality of vectors, vector, vector algebra, vector addition, point division and position vectors, Cartesian components and direction cosines, centroids and weighted position vectors, vector product, dot product, dot product algebra and geometric applications, cross product, cross product algebra and applications, scalar triple product, summary of vector algebra

Also defines:  vector projection

Cross-references: mechanics, dot product, scalar, unit vector
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Physics Classification: 02. (Mathematical methods in physics)

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