0.1 Biogroupoids and mathematical models of species evolution
0.1.1 Introduction
Biogroupoids, 𝒢ℬ, were introduced as mathematical representations of evolving biological species
([1, 2]) that are defined by (or ‘consist of’) weakly equivalent classes of living organisms, EO,
specified by inter-breeding organisms;in this case, the weak equivalence relation, ∼w, is defined on
the set of evolving organisms modeled in terms of functional, isomorphic genome networks,
GisoN, such as those described by LM
n-logic networks in Łukasiewicz-Moisil, ℒM topoi
([1]).
0.2 AT-Formulation
This biogroupoid concept allows an algebraic topology formulation of the origin of species and
biological evolution both at organismal/organismic and biomolecular levels; it represents a
new approach to biological evolution from the standpoint of super-complex systems
biology.
References
[1] Baianu I. C., Brown R., Georgescu G. and J. F. Glazebrook: 2006, Complex Nonlinear
Biodynamics in Categories, Higher Dimensional Algebra and Łukasiewicz-Moisil Topos:
Transformations of Neuronal, Genetic and Neoplastic Networks., Axiomathes, 16 Nos.
1-2: 65-122.
[2] Baianu, I.C., R. Brown and J.F. Glazebrook. : 2007, Categorical Ontology of Complex
Spacetime Structures: The Emergence of Life and Human Consciousness, Axiomathes,
17: 35-168.
